Amaethon
| Amaethon fab Dôn | |
|---|---|
Agriculture | |
| Other names | Amaethon, Amathaon |
| Major cult center | Wales |
| Battles | Cad Goddeu |
| Animals | Dogs, lapwings, a roe deers |
| Gender | Male |
| Genealogy | |
| Parents | Dôn and Beli Mawr |
| Siblings | Gwydion, Arianrhod, Gilfaethwy and others |
In Welsh mythology, Amaethon (Welsh: Amaethon fab Dôn (Welsh pronunciation: [aˈmɛɨ̞θɔn ˈvaːb ˈdoːn]), meaning "Amaethon son of Dôn") was the god of agriculture, and the son of the goddess Dôn[1] and Beli Mawr,[2] and brother to Arianrhod, Penarddun, Gilfaethwy, Gofannon, Gwydion, and Nudd.[2] His name means "labourer" or "ploughman",[1][3][2] and he is cited as being responsible for the Cad Goddeu, or "Battle of Trees", between the lord of the otherworld, Arawn, and the Children of Dôn (the Welsh version of the Tuatha Dé Danann).[1][3]
Sources
[edit]The principal reference to Amaethon appears in the medieval Welsh prose tale Culhwch and Olwen,[2] where he was the only man who could till a certain field, one of the impossible tasks Culhwch had been set before he could win Olwen's hand.
In the obscure early Welsh poem Cad Goddeu, a possible reference is made to Amaethon/Amathaon, but the passage is obscure. One possible interpretation, if the reading is accepted, is that he steals a dog, lapwing and roebuck from Arawn, king of Annwn (the otherworld), leading to a battle between Arawn and the Children of Dôn. Gwydion used his magic staff to turn trees into warriors who helped the children of Dôn win.[4]
In one of the triads invented by Iolo Morganwg, he teaches magic to his brother Gwydion (this is not accepted as a genuine medieval triad by modern scholars).
Etymology
[edit]This theonym is derived from Proto-Celtic *Ambaxtonos meaning great follower, servant or ploughman, an augmentative form of ambactos (ultimately from *ambhi-ag-to-[5]).
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c Cotterell, Arthur: The Encyclopedia of Mythology, page 97. Hermes House, 2007. ISBN 1-84038-894-3
- ^ a b c d d'Este, Sorita; Rankine, David (2007). The Isles of the Many Gods: An A-Z of the Pagan Gods & Goddesses of Ancient Britain worshipped during the First Millennium through to the Middle Ages. Avalonia. p. 57.
- ^ a b Celtic Deities, A to C at Celtic World
- ^ Cad Goddau: The Battle of the Trees. translation by Lady Charlotte Guest Archived 2011-06-08 at the Wayback Machine, Welsh original Archived 2017-12-29 at the Wayback Machine. Jones' Celtic Encyclopaedia.
- ^ Proto-Celtic—English, English—Proto-Celtic lexicon from the University of Wales. Cf. also the Indo-European and Celtic data Archived February 11, 2006, at the Wayback Machine collected at the University of Leiden.
Bibliography
[edit]- Ellis, Peter Berresford, Dictionary of Celtic Mythology(Oxford Paperback Reference), Oxford University Press, (1994): ISBN 0-19-508961-8
- MacKillop, James. Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-19-280120-1.
- Wood, Juliette, The Celts: Life, Myth, and Art, Thorsons Publishers (2002): ISBN 0-00-764059-5